Common vaginal conditions
On this page, we cover:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
Thrush (vaginal candidiasis)
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Lichen sclerosus
Each section explains what the condition is, common symptoms, and typical treatment approaches.
Understanding vaginal balance
The vagina has its own natural balance, supported by healthy bacteria and a slightly acidic environment. This balance helps protect against irritation and infection.
Hormonal changes, antibiotics, illness, stress, or irritation can sometimes disrupt this balance, increasing the likelihood of symptoms. Understanding this can help explain why vaginal conditions are common — and why they’re not something you’ve caused.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
What it is
BV occurs when the balance of vaginal bacteria shifts, allowing certain bacteria to become more dominant.
Typical symptoms
Thin, greyish or white discharge
A strong or fishy odour (often more noticeable after sex)
Mild irritation — or sometimes no discomfort at all
What helps
BV is usually treated with antibiotics prescribed by a GP. Avoiding perfumed products and supporting vaginal balance may help reduce the risk of recurrence.
Thrush (vaginal candidiasis)
What it is
A yeast infection, most commonly caused by Candida albicans.
Typical symptoms
Thick, white discharge
Itching, burning, or irritation
Redness or soreness
Discomfort during sex or urination
What helps
Antifungal treatments are widely available. Wearing breathable underwear and avoiding irritants can help prevent flare-ups.
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
What it is
Frequent UTIs (two or more in six months, or three or more in a year). These become more common after menopause due to changes in vaginal tissue and hormones.
Typical symptoms
Burning or stinging when urinating
Frequent or urgent need to pass urine
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Lower abdominal discomfort
What helps
Treatment may include antibiotics. Preventative steps include staying hydrated, urinating after sex, and — for some postmenopausal women — vaginal oestrogen under medical guidance.
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)
What it is
After menopause, lower oestrogen levels can cause vaginal and urinary tissues to become thinner, drier, and less elastic.
Typical symptoms
Vaginal dryness or irritation
Pain during sex
Recurrent UTIs
Changes in discharge or sensation
What helps
Regular use of vaginal moisturisers or lubricants can ease symptoms. Some women benefit from low-dose vaginal oestrogen, discussed with a healthcare professional.
Lichen sclerosus (LS)
What it is
A chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the vulva, more common after menopause.
Typical symptoms
Thin, white patches of skin
Persistent itching or pain
Cracks, bleeding, or soreness
Scarring if untreated
What helps
Prescription steroid treatments are typically used. Early diagnosis is important, so speak to a healthcare professional if symptoms persist.
When to seek medical advice
If symptoms are severe, persistent, or unfamiliar — or if you’re unsure what’s causing them — it’s important to speak to a healthcare professional. Some conditions require prescription treatment, and early support can prevent symptoms from worsening.
Next steps
If you’re exploring gentle, everyday support for vaginal comfort, you can browse our vaginal health range here.